Urban Ecology for Citizens and Planners

Ideal for city residents, developers, designers, and officials looking for ways to bring urban environments into harmony with the natural world and make cities more sustainable, Urban Ecology for Citizens and Planners offers a wealth of information and examples that will answer fundamental scientific questions, guide green initiatives, and inform environmental policies and decision-making processes.

 

This book provides an overview of the synergistic relationships between humans and nature that shape the ecology of urban green spaces. It also emphasizes the social and cultural value of nature in cities for human health and well-being. Chapters describe the basic science of natural components and ecosystems in urban areas and explore the idea of biophilic urbanism, the philosophy of building nature into the framework of cities. To illustrate these topics, chapters include projects, case studies, expert insights, and successful citizen science programs from urban areas around the world.

 

Authors Gail Hansen and Joseli Macedo argue that citizens have increasingly important roles to play in the environmental future of the cities they live in. A valuable resource for real-world solutions, this volume encourages citizens and planners to actively engage and collaborate in improving their communities and quality of life. 

 

Gail Hansen is associate professor in the Department of Environmental Horticulture at the University of Florida. Joseli Macedo is professor in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape at the University of Calgary.

 

The balancing act of urban conservation

“Our insights are informed by a decade studying the ecology of vacant land within Cleveland, Ohio, USA, a post-industrial city that currently encompasses >27,000 vacant lots.In 2012, we received funding to evaluate eight economically-feasible strategies to manage vacant land, with the broad goals of improving habitat quality for arthropods, supporting ecosystem services and beautifying the city Despite familiarity with recognized socioecological frameworks, we struggled to apply recommendations to our project, particularly when establishing and maintaining native plants. We share our experiences of practical realities ecologists can face when attempting to follow best practices, and note the strategies employed by our team and other when implementing community-driven conservation”

Katherine J. Turo & Mary M. Gardiner 

Nature Communications volume 11

Urban Ecological Restoration

New Zealand has set a goal of achieving 10% vegetative cover, primarily by planting its native tree species, into its largest 20 urban centers. This short TED talk by Bruce Clarkson discusses how they did just that. You can view the video at the below link

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z756oeV4JBQ

New Urban Ecology book

Urban Ecology covers the latest theoretical and applied concepts in urban ecological research. This book covers the key environmental issues of urban ecosystems as well as the human-centric issues, particularly those of governance, economics, sociology and human health. The goal of Urban Ecology is to challenge readers’ thinking around urban ecology from a resource-based approach to a holistic and applied field for sustainable development. There are seven major themes of the book: emerging urban concepts and urbanization, land use/land cover change, urban social-ecological systems, urban environment, urban material balance, smart, healthy and sustainable cities and sustainable urban design. Within each section, key concepts such as monitoring the urbanization phenomena, land use cover, urban soil fluxes, urban metabolism, pollution and human health and sustainable cities are covered. Urban Ecology serves as a comprehensive and advanced book for students, researchers, practitioners and policymakers in urban ecology and urban environmental research, planning and practice.

Key Features

Includes global case studies from over 14 countries, providing a first-hand account of recent applications

Covers the phenomena of sustainable transport, nutrient recovery and human health, among many others

Examines environmental issues as well as social-ecological systems and governance

The City Nature Index

Ecological Imperatives is the foundational pillar of the International Ecocity Standards. It comprises three standard conditions: Ecological Integrity, Earth’s Carrying Capacity, and Healthy Biodiversity. Together, these conditions require that:

1.         essential linkages within and between ecosystems are maintained,

2.         demands on ecosystems are within the Earth’s bio-capacity, and

3.         biodiversity of local, bioregional, and global ecosystems is sustained.

The Ecological Imperatives pillar of the Ecocity Standards therefore states:

The city is committed to sustaining and restoring biodiversity of local, regional and global ecosystems, including species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. It keeps its demand on ecosystems within the limits of the Earth’s carrying capacity and supports ecological integrity by maintaining essential linkages within and between ecological corridors.

In September 2018, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in collaboration with the Scottish Wildlife Trust launched the Global Alliance for Greener Cities with an aim of raising awareness about the value of ecosystems in urban areas. An initiative coming out of this effort is the City Nature Index providing a standardized way for cities to measure the quality of their underlying stock of natural resources. The Index is envisioned to work across three scales providing a means for cities to measure:

1.         biodiversity within cities

2.         natural capital assets in and adjacent to cities

3.         cities impacts on remote natural habitats through demand for resources

As envisioned, the City Nature Index promises to be a useful tool, well aligned with the Ecocity Standards, particularly those comprising the Ecological Imperatives. It can help cities gauge their impacts and opportunities to steward natural resources in support of healthy biodiversity within the city, in the bioregion, and globally.

Three teams of global experts are working on developing the measures for each scale of the City Nature Index. Originally planned for public release at the World Conservation Congress to be held in Marsielle in June 2020, the event was postponed due to the Covid 19 global pandemic. It is rescheduled for January 7 to 15, 2021.

Written by Jennie Moore,  Director, Institute Sustainability at British Columbia Institute of Technology and Director, Ecocity Centre of Excellence at BCIT.

Revel in the Grubby Wilderness

Writer Rebecca Long shared how she spent the COVID sequester time in 2020:

“As cities have been instructed to shelter in place, many renters have sought comfort in activities that merely require a window or a stoop – like birdwatching, gardening and even regrowing vegetable scraps on windowsills.”

Her full article on the Guardian website can be read at 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/25/urban-nature-wildlife-windows-stoops-parks-pandemic

The Nature of Cities idea hive website

"TNOC’s Mission: We believe the route to cities that are better for both people and nature is through transdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration. The mission of The Nature of Cities is to curate joined conversations about urbanism across ways of knowing and modes of action. We create transdisciplinary, publicly available, and widely disseminated programs, events, knowledge, and engagements for green city making. We strive for cities worldwide that are resilient, sustainable, livable, and just."

Check them out at https://www.thenatureofcities.com

The Urban Wildlife City

courtesy The Trust for Urban Ecology

SCHOOL OF URBAN ECOLOGY

The New School is a progressive university with its main campus in New York City.

URBAN ECOLOGY

FALL 2020

TAUGHT BY: BIANCA LOPEZ

Credits: 4

Students learn the fundamental ecological principles starting with core concepts in evolution then building from species and populations to community dynamics and structure, the study of ecosystems, and finally landscape ecology. The course also introduces the drivers of biodiversity, the importance of genetic diversity, and the impacts of climate change on species and communities. This course is positioned to justify the statement that understanding ecology (how biological organisms interact with each other and their environment) is crucial to understanding how to move toward a more sustainable future.

College: Schools of Public Engagement (NS)

Department: Environmental Studies (UENV)

Campus: New York City (GV)

Natural burial revolution

“The natural burial movement began in 1993 in a municipal cemetery in the City of Carlisle in the United Kingdom (Clayden and Dixon, 2007). Ken West, then head of bereavement services, had a vision to transform a small area of rough grassland at the edge of the cemetery into native oak woodland by offering bereaved families the option to eschew the traditional headstone and instead plant an oak tree on the grave. Nature would be the focus of this new cemetery landscape rather than the preservation of individual graves and identities of the deceased. In making this provision, West instigated a revolution in UK burial culture that had not been seen since the introduction of cremation in the early part of the 20th Century (Jalland, 1999, Rugg, 2006).”

From “Cutting the lawn − Natural burial and its contribution to the delivery of ecosystem services in urban cemeteries” by Andy Clayden, Trish Green, Jenny Hockey, Mark Powell

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Volume 33, June 2018, Pages 99-106

Where nature can

Five big ideas to better integrate nature into cities

Eco-business, By Gregory Scruggs

May 5, 2017

Be “biophilic”

The biophilic city would include a set of design guidelines for non-humans.

Co-opt infrastructure

Green-roof bylaws in Toronto and Chicago are one example of infrastructure that treats nature as an integral component rather than an afterthought.

Leverage climate change

Kampala is planting 500,000 trees — a classic beautification project — under the guise of its new climate change action plan.

Consider gender

Just as advocates believe that gender should be taken into consideration when planning a transportation line, building new housing or allocating municipal resources, the same should be the case with environmental urbanism.

Watch out for populism

If big corporations and industrial polluters were once the foes of the environmental movement, now the pendulum has shifted dramatically to a working-class grass roots swayed by the populist rhetoric that is quickly shaking the world to its foundation.

Read the full article at https://www.eco-business.com/opinion/five-big-ideas-to-better-integrate-nature-into-cities/

City Nature Challenge 2020

Cities around the world will be competing to see who can make the most observations of nature, find the most species, and engage the most people in the 2020 City Nature Challenge.

April 24 – 27 Taking pictures of wild plants and animals.

April 28 – May 3 Identifying what was found.

More info at http://citynaturechallenge.org

Urban nature atlas

The Urban Nature Atlas is an online collection of 1000 nature interventions in 100 European cities. Excellent for precedent studies, the survey includes sections on project objectives, obstacles, governance and monitoring. Check out their website at https://naturvation.eu/atlas

Bird man

Bird Man, the artwork of Senegalese artist Soly Cissé, looms over the Banco National Park in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

Introducing the Urban Ecosystems Collection

PLOS ONE announces their Urban Ecosystems Collection "We felt it was particularly important to reflect the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary research in urban contexts and highlight some of the innovative approaches being used to explore important issues in these dynamic, complex environments."

see their collections of articles at https://collections.plos.org/s/urban-ecosystems

Urban nature, green cities, still life

Sherman Aronson is a visual artist, working with drawing, watercolor and digital tools, who earned his BA at Penn in the College in 1971 and his masters in architecture from Penn  in 1973. He is a practicing architect in Philadelphia and an adjunct professor of architecture at Drexel University.

Mr. Aronson has always made drawings, sketches and designs, from high school art classes through college and architecture school. It is part of how he looks at the world, thinks about his work and dreams. As an architect, he works in historic preservation and adaptive reuse, transportation renovations, green design and sustainable building. He has been an advocate for energy conservation and building preservation since the 1980s, working with professional associations and through his teaching. His art is an extension of that interest and passion.

“Enhancing our perception and conscious awareness of our urban parks and streetscape plantings can support our subconscious behavior and appreciation of climate change and human responses. Finding delight in the landscape around us, at home, while traveling and in many settings is a way to express our deep connection to the living world we love,” he said.

Courtesy of https://almanac.upenn.edu/articles/urban-nature-green-cities-still-life-at-the-burrison-gallery

Finding nature in your city

WildArk.org does a great job of describing where the wild places are in various cities around the globe. Their main mission is to preserve species and ecosystems through education and research. Check out their website at https://wildark.org

Transitional ecologies and tactical urban artists

“We are optimistic that the combination of creativity, ingenuity and low-budget, DIY mindsets that are hallmarks of both ecologists and public artists will help collaborators transform abandoned space into exciting and informative destinations.”

From Transitional Ecology: embedding ecological

experiments into temporary urban public art

Adam D. Kay,1,* Elizabeth Scherber,1 Hunter Gaitan,1 and Amanda Lovelee2

1Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA and 2Public Art St. Paul, 381 Wabasha St N, St. Paul, MN 55102, USA

Journal of Urban Ecology, 2019, 1–7

Clean, green cities poised to take shape

China is building high-rise forest towers. Courtesy of China Daily news:

"For example, in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province, two residential high-rises designed by Italian architect Stefano Boeri are being built.

When completed, the buildings will house 1,100 trees from 23 local species and 2,500 cascading plants and shrubs, which according to the architects, will absorb 25 metric tons of carbon dioxide each year and produce about 60 kilograms of oxygen a day.

To put that in perspective, removing 25 tons of carbon dioxide would be equivalent to taking five cars off the road for a year. Chinese cities have some of the most polluted air in the world."

read more from this article at: https://www.chinadailyhk.com/articles/29/48/153/1573015446133.html?newsId=111714